Nonsecretory intestinocystoplasty: postoperative outcomes of 25 years

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of bladder augmentation (BA) is to create a low-pressure reservoir with adequate capacity. Despite its benefits, the use of intestinal patches in bladder enlargement provides a high risk of developing complications and BA with demucosalised bowel represents a potential alternative. Therefore, this study evaluated urological parameters and long-term clinical follow-up of patients submitted to non-secretory BA in a single center with 25 years of experience. Materials and Methods Patients treated with BA underwent urological evaluation, which included history, physical examination and urodynamic study. The main urodynamic parameters (bladder capacity and bladder compliance) were assessed in the pre and postoperative moments, and compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The main long-term complications were described. Results 269 patients (mean age 14±13 years, 47% male) underwent BA with the use of demucolised intestinal segments. Among the patients in the sample, 187 (69.52%) had neurogenic bladder, 68 (25.28%) had bladder exstrophy, nine had tuberculosis (3.34%), four had a posterior urethral valve (1.49%) and one with hypospadia (0.37%). After the surgical procedure, a significant increment in both urodynamic parameters was found, with a 222% increase in bladder capacity and 604% in bladder compliance (p <0.001 in both analyzes). Mean follow-up time ranged from 2 to 358 months, with a median of 72 months (IQR 74-247). Among all patients, 5 presented spontaneous perforation. Conclusion The study showed statistically significant increase in both compliance and bladder capacity after non-secretory BA, with a low rate of severe complications.

Surgical treatment of detrusor underactivity: a short term proof of concept study

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the surgical outcomes of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) to those with detrusor underactivity (DU) or acontractile detrusor (DA). Materials and Methods This retrospective, IRB approved study included men who underwent BPO surgery for refractory LUTS or urinary retention. Patients were grouped based on videourodynamic (VUDS) findings: 1) men with BOO, 2) men with DU and 3) men with DA. The primary outcome measure was the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGII). Secondary outcome measures included uroflow (Qmax), post-void residual volume (PVR) and the need for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Results One hundred and nineteen patients were evaluated: 1) 34 with BOO, 2) 62 with DU and 3) 23 with DA. Subjective success rate (PGII) was highest in the BOO group (97%) and those with DU (98%), while DA patients had a PGII success of 26%, (p<0.0001). After surgery, patients with BOO had the lowest PVR (68.5mL). Fifty-six patients (47%) performed CIC pre-operatively (47% of BOO, 32% of DU and 87% of DA patients). None of the patients in the BOO and DU groups required CIC post operatively compared to16/23 (69%) of patients in the DA group (p<0.0001). Conclusions BPO surgery is a viable treatment option in men with presumed BOO and DU while DA is a poor prognostic sign in men who do not void spontaneously pre-operatively.

Capacidad vesical funcional mediante ultrasonido en pacientes con enuresis primaria monosintomática / Functional bladder capacity by ultrasound in patients with monosymptomatic primary enuresis

La enuresis primaria monosintomática es un problema clínico común que afecta del 5 al 10% de los niños en edad escolar. La etiología exacta no se conoce, pero se ha propuesto una capacidad vesical funcional disminuida como factor predisponente. Existen pocos reportes en la literatura del uso de ultrasonido para su evaluación. Objetivo: Determinar si la capacidad vesical funcional medida por ultrasonido está disminuida en enuresis primaria monosintomática comparada con población sana. Pacientes y Método: Estudio trasversal analítico de febrero de 2014 a mayo de 2015 incluyendo 40 pacientes con enuresis y 40 sin enuresis, 5 a 15 años de edad, midiendo la capacidad vesical funcional mediante ecógrafo Siemens Acuson S2000TM con transductor 3,5 y 5 MHz por un solo operador cegado. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y analítica mediante el programa IBM SPSS 20 TM. Resultados: Los pacientes con enuresis presentaron menor capacidad vesical funcional 171,7 ml vs controles 225,5 ml (p = 0,025). Resultó factor de riesgo OR = 2,81 (IC 95%: 1,06-7,42) tener un familiar de primera línea con antecedente de enuresis y OR = 4,0 (IC 95%: 1,48-10,78) para segunda línea. La capacidad vesical funcional presentó correlación débil con la capacidad vesical normal estimada mediante la fórmula de Kaefer. Conclusión: La capacidad vesical funcional es menor en quien padece enuresis que en los que no la padecen y existe poca correlación con las fórmulas que determinan la capacidad vesical normal esperada como la de Kaefer. Se reafirmó que el antecedente hereditario de enuresis juega un papel importante como factor de riesgo.

Nocturnal enuresis is a common clinical problem affecting 5% to 10% of school-age children. Etiology is not known but a diminished functional bladder capacity it has been proposed as a predisposing factor. There exist only a few studies evaluating it by ultrasound. Objective: To identify if there is a difference of the functional bladder capacity measured by ultrasound between nocturnal enuresis group and healthy children. Patients and Method: A cross-sectional study from February 2014 to May 2015 including two groups, nocturnal enuresis and a control group of 40 patients each, 5 to 15 years old. A single blinded operator measured the functional bladder capacity by ultrasound with an Acuson S2000 SiemensTM 3.5 and 5 MHz transducer. Analytics and descriptive statistics were performed using IBM SPSS 20TM software. Results: Patients with enuresis showed a decreased functional bladder capacity vs. controls (171.7 ml vs 225.5 ml; p = 0.025). A history of first-degree relative with enuresis increased the risk of having enuresis OR = 2.81 (95% CI: 1.06-7.42), a second-degree relative presented OR = 4.0 (95% CI: 1.48-10.78). Functional bladder capacity presented a weak correlation with the bladder capacity estimated by Kaefer’s formula. Conclusion: The functional bladder capacity is lower in the patients with nocturnal enuresis when compared to control group. There is little correlation between functional bladder capacity and Kaefer’s formula to determine the normal bladder capacity. We reaffirmed that the family history with enuresis strongly increases the risk of developing nocturnal enuresis.

The influence of distal colon irritation on the changes of cystometry parameters to esophagus and colon distentions

ABSTRACT The co-occurrence of multiple pathologies in the pelvic viscera in the same patient, such as, irritable bowel syndrome and interstitial cystitis, indicates the complexity of viscero-visceral interactions and the necessity to study these interactions under multiple pathological conditions. In the present study, the effect of distal colon irritation (DCI) on the urinary bladder interaction with distal esophagus distention (DED), distal colon distention (DCD), and electrical stimulation of the abdominal branches of vagus nerve (abd-vagus) were investigated using cystometry parameters. The DCI significantly decreased the intercontraction time (ICT) by decreasing the storage time (ST); nonetheless, DED and Abd-vagus were still able to significantly decrease the ICT and ST following DCI. However, DCD had no effect on ICT following the DCI. The DCI, also, significantly decreased the Intravesical pressure amplitude (P-amplitude) by increasing the resting pressure (RP). Although DED has no effect on the P-amplitude, both in the intact and the irritated animals, the abd-vagus significantly increased the P-amplitude following DCI by increasing the maximum pressure (MP). In the contrary, 3mL DCD significantly increased the P-amplitude by increasing the MP and lost that effect following the DCI. Concerning the pressure threshold (PT), none of the stimuli had any significant changes in the intact animals. However, DCI significantly decreased the PT, also, the abd-vagus and 3mL DCD significantly decreased the PT. The results of this study indicate that chemical irritation of colon complicates the effects of mechanical irritation of esophagus and colon on urinary bladder function.

Diagnóstico incidental de endometriosis vesical / Incidental diagnosis of vesical endometriosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La afectación del sistema urogenital por la endometriosis es infrecuente, la vejiga es el órgano más dañado. Se manifiesta clínicamente con urgencia miccional, polaquiuria, dolor hipogástrico, hematuria y, en ocasiones, es causa de infertilidad. OBJETIVOS: Presentar un nuevo caso de endometriosis vesical así como su diagnóstico y tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Paciente de 24 años de edad con antecedentes de buena salud que asistió a la consulta de Ginecología por dolor persistente en bajo vientre, en los días previos a la menstruación, de varios meses de evolución. Refería también ligero esfuerzo miccional inicial. El examen físico del abdomen y los genitales, internos y externos, era normal. En el ultrasonido abdominal se informaron dos lesiones tumorales de aspecto quístico a nivel del trígono vesical, las cuales se confirmaron en el estudio vía transvaginal. RESULTADOS: En la cistoscopia se constataron las tumoraciones a nivel de la barra interuretérica las cuales se resecaron con el asa de corte. El informe anátomo-patológico de la pieza quirúrgica fue endometriosis vesical. En la laparoscopia se constató otro foco de endometriosis en el fondo de saco de Douglas. Se le puso tratamiento específico con mifepristona 5 mg diarios por 6 meses y ha evolucionado satisfactoriamente; el estudio ultrasonográfico y la cistoscopia de control semestrales fueron negativos. CONCLUSIONES: La realización del ultrasonido abdominal y transvaginal, en pacientes en edad fértil con dolor pelviano recurrente de origen no precisado, con o sin síntomas urinarios asociados, posibilita el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces de la endometriosis vesical

INTRODUCTION: The urogenital system affection from endometriosis if uncommon where the more involved organ is the bladder. Its clinical manifestations are a urgent miction, pollakiuria, hypogastric pain, hematuria and occasionally is a cause of infertility. OBJECTIVES: To present a new case of vesical endometriosis as well its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: This is the case of female patient aged 24 with a history of good health came to Gynecology consultation due to persistent pain in lower stomach previous days to menstruation of several months of course, as well an initial miction effort .Physical examination of abdomen and genital internal and external organs was normal. In abdominal US were informed two tumor lesions of cystic appearance at vesical trigone level, which were verified through a transvaginal study. RESULTS: During cystoscopy tumor were at ureteric bar, which were resected with cut loop. The report of anatomical-pathological report of surgical sample was a vesical endometriosis. At laparoscopy appeared an endometriosis focus in Douglas's cul-de-sac. Treatment with 5 mg daily of Mifepristone for 6 months with a satisfactory evolution; US study and six-monthly control cystoscopy were negative. CONCLUSIONS:The abdominal and transvaginal US carrying out in patient of fertile age with recurrent pelvic pain ion not-defined origin, with or without associated urinary symptoms, allow the early diagnosis and treatment of vesical endometriosis

Síndrome da bexiga hiperativa e qualidade de vida / Overactive bladder syndrome and quality of life

A Síndrome da bexiga hiperativa é enfermidade com alta prevalência, que afeta milhões de pessoas no mundo, sendo de fundamental importância o reconhecimento e a padronização de seus conceitos e sintomas pela Sociedade Internacional de Continência. A afecção compromete diversos aspectos nas atividades diárias, cujo impacto pode ser avaliado por instrumentos subjetivos como os questionários genéricos e específicos para avaliar a qualidade de vida

Experimental study of excitability and autorhthmicity in urinary bladder detrusor of diabetes rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The changes in excitability and autorhthmicity of bladder detrusor in experimental non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats were observed. Sixty-nine NIDDM rats as NIDDM group and 69 normal rats as control group were enrolled into this experimental study. At 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd and 26th week after the rats were injected last time, the changes in the excitability and autorhthmicity of detrusor strips in vitro were observed. The results showed that the threshold of the tension which made the detrusor strips contract was significantly higher in NIDDM group (0.716 +/- 0.325 g) than in control group (0.323 +/- 0.177 g) (F = 59.63, P < 0.001). At different stages, the threshold of the tension resulting the contract of the detrusor strips in NIDDM group was also higher than in control group. At 18th week after STZ injection, the frequency of spontaneous contract of the detrusor strips in NIDDM was significantly higher than in control group (P < 0.05), whereas at 22nd week, that in NIDDM group was significantly lower than in control group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the decreased excitability of the bladder detrusor was the earliest and most obvious changes in bladder function in diabetes rats and the autorhthmicity had also changed at the early stage of diabetic bladder.

The Significance of Bladder Trabeculation in the Female Lower Urinary System: An Objective Evaluation by Urodynamic Studies

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bladder trabeculation, urinary function, and the stage of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The medical records of 104 patients with POP who underwent cystoscopies and urodynamic studies were reviewed retrospectively. Age, incidence of detrusor instability, stage and site of POP, and the parameters of urodynamic studies of patients with and without bladder trabeculation were compared. The difference in the incidence of bladder trabeculation was estimated between patients with and without a suspected bladder outlet obstruction. There were significant differences in the patients' age, stage of POP, and maximal voiding velocity. Patients with a suspected bladder outlet obstruction had a significantly higher incidence of bladder trabeculation. In addition, patients with advanced stages of POP were also found to have a higher incidence of bladder trabeculation.

Voiding dysfunction and urodynamic abnormalities in elderly patients

Disfunções do trato urinário inferior são uma causa importante de morbidade e diminuição da qualidade de vida em homens e mulheres idosos. Com o envelhecimento progressivo da população, é importante compreender os distúrbios miccionais mais comuns nesta população. A maioria dos problemas miccionais em homens idosos tem origem multifatorial, requerendo uma avaliação ampla dos órgãos do trato urinário inferior, da capacidade funcional e neurológica dos pacientes e dos problemas clínicos coexistentes. A avaliação urodinâmica é uma ferramenta importante na investigação de pacientes idosos com sintomas do trato urinário inferior. Ela não é necessária em todos os casos e só deve ser indicada após a exclusão de problemas não urológicos e potencialmente reversíveis que poderiam causar ou contribuir para os sintomas miccionais. Embora os exames urodinâmicos possam revelar diagnósticos comuns como obstrução vesical ou incontinência urinária de esforço, na população idosa é freqüente a ocorrência de achados como hiperatividade detrusora e falência da contratilidade vesical, com implicações prognósticas e terapêuticas importantes. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os problemas urológicos mais comuns nos idosos e discutir as indicações e características dos exames urodinâmicos nestas condições.

Hallazgos cistométricos en pacientes diabéticos / Cistometrogram results in diabetic patients

Se revisan los hallazgos cistométricos en 12 pacientes diabéticos (15 hombres y 17 mujeres) evaluados por alteraciones miccionales en la Unidad de Urodinamia del Hospital del Salvador entre 1995 y agosto de 1997. Encontramos cistopatía clásica en un 41 por ciento de los pacientes, inestabilidad del detrusor en un 30 por ciento y arreflexia vesical en 6 por ciento. El estudio fue normal en 7 pacientes (22 por ciento). Consideramos el examen cistométrico importante en la evaluación del paciente diabético con síntomas miccionales antes de iniciar su tratamiento

Toxina botulínica del tipo A en el tratamiento de la hiperreflexia del detrusor (informe preliminar) / Type A botulinum toxin for the treatment of detrussor hyperreflexia (preliminary report)

Se estudiaron 12 pacientes con lesión medular traumática completa, los cuales cursaban con hiperreflexia del detrusor. Se les realizó la aplicación de 100 UI de toxina botulínica del tipo A mediante inyección endoscópica submucosa en cuatro sitios (techo, suelo y paredes laterales de la vejiga). Los pacientes cursaban con una capacidad vesical máxima inicial promedio de 379.3 ml, y una presión del detrusor de 53.8 cm H2O. Durante el primer control subsecuente a la aplicación de toxina (cuatro a seis semanas) se observó una mejoría del 15.87 por ciento, con incremento de la capacidad vesical máxima promedio de 60.2 ml y disminución de la presión del detrusor en 55.54 por ciento, con una presión de 23.9 cm H2O. Durante el segundo control (8 a 10 semanas) se incremento aun más la mejoría, que fue de 39.9 por ciento para la capacidad vesical máxima (151.7 ml) y la presión del detrusor mejoró en 82.3 por ciento al disminuir a 9.5 cm H2O. Se concluye que la aplicación única de toxina botulínica de tipo A es una alternativa favorable para el tratamiento de la hiperreflexia del detrusor, con buena respuesta hasta las 10 semanas de seguimiento de estos pacientes; sin embargo, se requiere aún de seguimiento de estos pacientes para lograr identificar el tiempo de respuesta máxima a este tratamiento innovador

Utilidad de la tasa de aceleración del flujo urinario en el diagnóstico de incontinencia urinaria en la mujer / Usefulness of urinary flow acceleration rate in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in the female

La tasa de aceleración del flujo es un parámetro metamétrico que se obtiene de la uroflujometría. Su utilidad radica en que permite conocer la velocidad de apertura del cuello vesical y la fuerza de contracción del músculo detrusor. Se estudiaron 30 mujeres con problema de incontinencia urinaria. Los valores de la tasa de aceleración fueron superiores tanto en el grupo testigo como en los caracterizados por incontinencia de esfuerzo, mixta y de urgencia con inestabilidad del músculo detrusor informados en la literatura. Se correlacionó la tasa de aceleración con la incontinencia urinaria con inestabilidad del músculo detrusor, que arrojó un valor de 0.812. En este estudio se encontraron discrepancias sobre la utilidad de este parámetro con lo informado con anterioridad. Se discute el valor de la tasa de aceleración a la luz de la experiencia acual.(au)

Determinación de residuo vesical por ultrasonografía: su valor en el diagnóstico de disfunción vesical en adolescentes diabéticos: informe preliminar / Determination of vesical residue by ultrasonography: its value in the diagnosis of vesical dysfunction in diabetic adolescents: preliminary report

Se estudia la presencia de residuo vesical (RV) determinado por ultrasonografía, en 25 diabéticos insulinodependientes (14 varones y 11 hembras), en edades comprendidas entre 14 y 22 años y un tiempo en evolución de 0 a 16 años. Se compara a los diabéticos insulinodependientes con un grupo con características similares (n = 20). Se encuentra residuo vesical en 7 de los 25 diabéticos (28%, 5 hombres y 2 mujeres). Se indica que el menor índice de residuo vesical fue de 55 y el mayor de 336. Se comprueba que la ultrasonografía vesical es un método útil, no invasivo, fácil de realizar para el diagnóstico de la disfunción vesical en diabéticos, aun en aquellos casos asintomáticos y de temprana edad